The European Union’s Digital Markets Act’s (DMA) stated aim is to complement European Union competition rules to ensure contestable and fair markets in the digital sector by imposing specific obligations on “gatekeepers”. ...more
8/18/2025
/ Artificial Intelligence ,
Competition ,
Data Protection ,
Digital Marketplace ,
Digital Markets Strategy ,
EU ,
European Commission ,
Online Advertisements ,
Online Marketplace ,
Online Platforms ,
Personal Data ,
Regulatory Requirements ,
Search Engines ,
Social Networks
On July 24, 2025, the European Commission’s AI Office published its template for the public summary of training content for general-purpose AI (GPAI) models under Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act). ...more
8/13/2025
/ AI Act ,
Artificial Intelligence ,
Copyright ,
Data Collection ,
Data Protection ,
Disclosure Requirements ,
Enforcement ,
European Commission ,
Machine Learning ,
Regulatory Requirements ,
Training Requirements
On July 18, 2025, the European Commission published its guidelines on the scope of obligations for providers of general-purpose artificial intelligence (GPAI) models under Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act). ...more
The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and its widespread availability raises questions regarding how it might facilitate EU competition law violations. ...more
7/22/2025
/ Abuse of Dominance ,
Algorithms ,
Antitrust Provisions ,
Artificial Intelligence ,
Competition ,
Enforcement Actions ,
EU ,
European Commission ,
New Legislation ,
Pricing ,
Technology ,
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)
On July 10, 2025, the European Commission released a nearly final version of the General-Purpose AI (GPAI) Code of Practice (Code) under Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act).
This blog post outlines the purpose,...more
Global investment in AI surged to approximately USD 252 billion in 2024, representing a thirteen-fold increase since 2014. As AI technologies become deeply embedded across key economic sectors such as finance, manufacturing,...more
7/15/2025
/ Acquisitions ,
Antitrust Provisions ,
Artificial Intelligence ,
Competition Authorities ,
EU ,
European Commission ,
European Merger Control Regulation ,
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ,
Foreign Direct Investment ,
Investment Opportunities ,
Merger Controls ,
Mergers ,
Regulatory Requirements ,
UK ,
UK Competition and Markets Authority (CMA)
The European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) is considered to be the world’s first comprehensive horizontal legal framework for AI. It provides for EU-wide rules on data quality, transparency, human oversight,...more
The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and its widespread availability raise questions regarding its potential use in violating EU competition law. ...more
3/14/2025
/ Anticompetitive Behavior ,
Antitrust Provisions ,
Antitrust Violations ,
Artificial Intelligence ,
Cartels ,
Competition ,
EU ,
European Commission ,
Horizontal Agreements ,
Vertical Agreement ,
Vertical Restraints
This blog post introduces the universe of European and national authorities and other relevant actors in the area of supervision and enforcement of the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) and provides a...more
This blog post focuses on how the EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act (“AI Act”) regulates generative AI, which the AI Act refers to as General-Purpose AI (“GPAI”) Models....more
10/3/2024
/ Artificial Intelligence ,
Compliance ,
EU ,
European Commission ,
Innovative Technology ,
Intellectual Property Protection ,
Machine Learning ,
Risk-Based Approaches ,
Software Developers ,
Technology Sector ,
Third-Party Service Provider
In this blog post, we will focus on the identification of “high-risk AI systems” under the Artificial Intelligence Act (“AI Act”) and the requirements applying to such systems. As explained in our previous blog posts, the AI...more
The EU Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act was published in the Official Journal of the European Union on July 12, 2024, as “Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down...more
This blog post focuses on Artificial Intelligence (AI) practices prohibited under the EU AI Act. Article 5 of the AI Act essentially prohibits AI practices that materially distort peoples’ behavior or that raise serious...more
On March 13, 2024, the European Parliament adopted the Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act). It is considered to be the world’s first comprehensive horizontal legal framework for AI. It provides for EU-wide rules on data...more
3/15/2024
/ Artificial Intelligence ,
EU ,
European Commission ,
European Parliament ,
Extraterritoriality Rules ,
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) ,
Machine Learning ,
Member State ,
New Legislation ,
OECD ,
Risk Assessment ,
Technology Sector
On February 8, 2024, the European Commission (Commission) adopted its revised Market Definition Notice (Notice), replacing a version that was nearly 30 years old. The Notice is not binding, but it provides guidance on how the...more
On December 8, representatives from the European Commission, the European Parliament, and the Council of the European Union (EU) reached political agreement on the shape and contents of the EU’s AI Act (the “Act”), setting...more
On November 9, 2023, the European Parliament adopted the EU Data Act, a new regulation providing harmonized rules on access to data, switching cloud providers and interoperability requirements across the EU. It is widely...more
11/16/2023
/ Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) ,
Connected Entities ,
Corporate Counsel ,
Data-Sharing ,
Digital Single Market ,
EU ,
EU Data Protection Laws ,
European Commission ,
European Parliament ,
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) ,
Member State ,
New Legislation ,
Personal Data ,
Transparency
On July 10, 2023, the European Commission adopted an adequacy decision for the new EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (“EU-U.S. DPF”), the successor to the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield, which the Court of Justice of the European Union...more
7/19/2023
/ Certification Requirements ,
Compliance ,
Compliance Monitoring ,
Department of Transportation (DOT) ,
EU ,
European Commission ,
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ,
Framework Agreement ,
International Data Transfers ,
Privacy Framework ,
UK
On July 10, 2023, the European Commission adopted its long-awaited adequacy decision for the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (“Adequacy Decision”). This ends a three-year journey to set up a successor to the EU-U.S. Privacy...more
7/12/2023
/ Adequacy Requirement ,
Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ,
Department of Justice (DOJ) ,
EU ,
EU-US Privacy Shield ,
European Commission ,
Executive Orders ,
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ,
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) ,
Iceland ,
International Data Transfers ,
Liechtenstein ,
Member State ,
Norway ,
Personal Data ,
U.S. Commerce Department
On June 14, 2023, the European Parliament adopted its negotiating position regarding the proposal of the European Commission for a regulation laying down harmonized rules on artificial intelligence. This is the most recent...more
6/16/2023
/ Artificial Intelligence ,
Contract Negotiations ,
Distributors ,
EU ,
European Commission ,
European Parliament ,
Importers ,
International Harmonization ,
Machine Learning ,
Proposed Legislation ,
Risk Assessment ,
Risk-Based Approaches
On February 19, 2020, the European Commission (“EC”) published a series of documents outlining its vision for Europe’s digital future. Amongst these, the EC’s White Paper on Artificial Intelligence: A European approach to...more
On January 23, 2018, the European Commission (“EC”) adopted its adequacy decision on Japan. Japan issued an equivalent decision regarding data transfers from Japan to the European Union on the same day. This means that...more
“Geo-blocking” is the practice whereby traders operating in a country block or limit access to their online interfaces, such as websites or apps, by customers from other countries wishing to engage in cross-border...more
12/4/2018
/ Cross-Border Transactions ,
Digital Single Market ,
E-Commerce ,
EU ,
European Commission ,
Geo-Blocking ,
Internet Retailers ,
Member State ,
No-Deal Brexit ,
Regulatory Oversight ,
Sales & Distribution Agreements ,
Terms and Conditions ,
UK Brexit
For the last two years, the European Commission (“EC”) has been carrying out a Sector Inquiry into e-commerce of consumer goods and digital content in the EU. As part of this, the EC has sent companies many questionnaires...more