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Post-Bostock Harassment Claims Must Still Show Plaintiff Treated Differently Based on Sex

In last year’s landmark Bostock decision, the U.S. Supreme Court held that discrimination due to sexual orientation or gender identity is prohibited under Title VII. In its earlier Oncale decision, the Court concluded that...more

Federal Appeals Court Says Selective Retention Raises May Discriminate Against Female Employees

Employers concerned about losing valuable employees may take the initiative to provide salary increases intended to deter them from seeking alternative employment. A new decision from the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals...more

Federal Appeals Court Says Employer Must Have Reasonable Opportunity to Investigate Harassment Complaint

Under Title VII, an employer may be liable for sexual harassment by one co-worker of another if it knew or should have known of the conduct and took no action. According to a recent decision from the Eighth Circuit Court of...more

Old Comment on Need for Higher Starting Salary Revives Pay Discrimination Lawsuit

The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act allows plaintiffs to pursue equal pay claims based on prior actions that continue to have a negative effect on their salaries. Last month, the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals reversed a grant...more

Fourth Circuit Says Law Firm Equity Partner Is Not an Employee for Title VII Purposes

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects employees from discrimination based on a range of protected classifications. However, Title VII only applies to employment relationships and cannot be used by contractors,...more

Ninth Circuit Explains Standard for Willful Violation of Family and Medical Leave Act

The statute of limitations for bringing claims under the Family and Medical Leave Act is two years from the last alleged illegal act. However, this period is increased to three years in the event of a willful FMLA violation...more

Fourth Circuit Says Inability to Wear Protective Equipment Made Employee Unqualified for Position

A number of employers have encountered resistance to mask wearing mandates put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In some cases, employees assert that they have a medical condition that prevents them from being...more

Fourth Circuit Reminds Employers the Commissioned Worker Exemption Does Not End Tip Pooling Claims

Hospitality industry employers continue to battle with employees over the proper calculation and distribution of tips under the Fair Labor Standards Act. Last month, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals (which includes North...more

Fourth Circuit Ruling on ADA Reassignment Has Major Implications for Employers

In the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2002 Barnett decision, the court held that qualified disabled employees are entitled to reassignment to an existing vacant position under the Americans with Disabilities Act if they become unable...more

Failure to Accommodate Supports Employee's Claim Even Without Adverse Action

The Americans with Disabilities Act requires employers to provide reasonable accommodations to employees with protected disabilities. Another part of the ADA requires employers to refrain from discriminating against disabled...more

Eleventh Circuit Says General Contractor Was Responsible for Subcontractor's Safety Practices

Under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s multiemployer worksite doctrine, a company can be cited for safety violations that it did not create and for hazards to which its own employees were never exposed. The...more

Fourth Circuit Says Employee Who Accepted Voluntary Transfer Cannot Maintain ADA Claims

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act, if an employee with a disability requests accommodation, the employer must work with that person to determine if there are reasonable measures that can be taken that allow the...more

Fourth Circuit Says Multiple Internal Complaints Support Retaliation Claims

Retaliation claims now constitute the most frequently cited basis for charges filed before the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Lawsuits based on retaliation can be especially dangerous for employers because they do...more

Fourth Circuit Takes Expansive View of N.C.'s Employment Anti-Retaliation Law

North Carolina’s Retaliatory Employment Discrimination Act (REDA) provides employees with legal claims against employers that retaliate against them for engaging in protected actions under state workers’ compensation, wage...more

Federal Appeals Court Rules Plaintiffs Must Use More Than National Criminal Statistics to Prove Racial Discrimination

According to U.S. Department of Justice statistics, Black men in the U.S. are more likely to be arrested and have criminal convictions on their records than their white counterparts. Last week, a split Second Circuit Court of...more

Fifth Circuit Says Third Party Cannot Sue for Retaliation Under Title VII

In its 2011 North American Stainless decision, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed that an engaged man could sue for retaliation under Title VII after he was fired around the time his fiancée filed a discrimination claim against...more

Eleventh Circuit Approves Employer's Extended Leave Requirement Following Suicide Attempt

We occasionally receive questions from employers about employees who have threatened or even attempted suicide. While these issues first involve making sure that the employee is safe and receiving appropriate care, questions...more

Sixth Circuit Upholds Mandated Use of CPAP Device for Driver With Sleep Apnea

Truck drivers and some related workers differ from other employees in that they are subject to federal Department of Transportation safety rules that require medical examinations and disqualify workers with certain medical...more

Eleventh Circuit Says Employee Cannot Claim Retaliation if Actions Interfered With Job Performance

Federal civil rights laws prevent retaliation against employees who oppose discriminatory conduct in the workplace. What happens, however, when the employee’s oppositional conduct interferes with the performance of her job...more

U.S. Supreme Court Issues Two Rulings Broadening Exceptions for Religious Employers

In its 2012 Hosanna-Tabor decision, a unanimous U.S. Supreme Court recognized that religious organizations have the ability to select, discipline, and discharge employees who perform ministerial duties – without being...more

Second Circuit Upholds Retailer's Use of Fluctuating Workweek Pay Method

Employers faced with escalating employee overtime costs may consider implementing an alternative pay plan called the fluctuating workweek (FWW). In short, in return for paying a guaranteed salary to non-exempt employees, FWW...more

N.C. Appellate Court Rejects Claim Against Employer Over How It Reported Alleged Criminal Assault

In most situations, employers are not liable for civil claims relating to criminal conduct by their employees because such actions are deemed to be outside the course and scope of their employment. Plaintiffs can get around...more

Recent Ruling Provides Path for U.S. Supreme Court to Revisit Religious Accommodation Requirement

Under Title VII, employers are required to provide reasonable accommodations to employees who request work modifications for religious observances. However, following a 1977 U.S. Supreme Court decision, federal courts have...more

Fourth Circuit Says Employer Justified in Requiring Fitness-for-Duty Evaluation for Chronic Complainer

The Americans with Disabilities Act restricts employers’ ability to require employee medical evaluations to situations where such exams are job related and consistent with business necessity. This month, the Fourth Circuit...more

Fourth Circuit Says Managers' Indifferent Response to Harassment Complaint Does Not Subject Employer to Punitive Damages

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 allows awards of both compensatory and punitive damages capped at a total amount depending on the size of the employer. In a new decision from the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals...more

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