Multiple federal agencies are charged with enforcing U.S. international trade and national security laws. These agencies include the Department of Commerce Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) and the Department of State Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC), which enforce export control laws, and the Department of the Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), which administers and enforces U.S. economic sanctions programs. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is tasked with collecting customs duties and enforcing U.S. import laws. In recent years, the Department of Justice (DOJ) has become more involved in traderelated enforcement through collaboration with these administrative agencies. Notably, DOJ involvement in these actions can result in more extensive investigations, higher reputational risk for companies, and more significant penalties than those imposed solely by regulatory agencies.
Originally published in Dallas Bar Association Headnotes Publication - August 2024.
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