News & Analysis as of

Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) Article II

Franczek P.C.

SpaceX Wins Fifth Circuit Victory; Big Implications for NLRB

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In an August 19, 2025 decision in SpaceX v. NLRB, the Fifth Circuit ruled that the structure of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is likely unconstitutional and upheld three preliminary injunctions preventing the NLRB...more

Davis Wright Tremaine LLP

The NLRB Goes Down in the Fifth

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ("Fifth Circuit") has ruled that the National Labor Relations Board ("NLRB") is unconstitutionally structured and cannot hear unfair labor practice charges. The decision focused...more

Fox Rothschild LLP

5th Circuit Decision Could Encourage Employers to File Lawsuits to Escape NLRB Trials

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Last week, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit said the structure of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is likely unconstitutional and enjoined the agency from conducting trials of unfair labor practice...more

Fisher Phillips

Do Not Pass Go: Fifth Circuit Halts NLRB from Prosecuting ULP Complaints as Courts Debate Agency’s Constitutional Power

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A federal appeals court dealt a significant blow to the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) last week, upholding a preliminary injunction prohibiting it from prosecuting unfair labor practice (ULP) complaints against SpaceX...more

Bass, Berry & Sims PLC

Fifth Circuit Rules NLRB’s Removal Protections for Members and ALJs Likely Unconstitutional

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In a major setback for the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals recently upheld an injunction, preventing the NLRB from holding an unfair labor practice (ULP) hearing against SpaceX and...more

Littler

Fifth Circuit Upholds Injunction Because NLRB Structure is Likely Unconstitutional

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On August 19, 2025, in Space Exploration Tech. Corp. v. National Labor Relations Board, et al., a panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit upheld preliminary injunctions that had halted NLRB complaint...more

Kilpatrick

Houston, We (May) Have a Constitutional Problem: Fifth Circuit Puts NLRB Structure in the Hot Seat

Kilpatrick on

In Space Exploration Technologies Corp. v. National Labor Relations Board (the “SpaceX Case”), the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit upheld injunctions issued by federal district courts in Texas. The injunctions...more

Proskauer - Labor Relations Update

Fifth Circuit Boosts Spacex’s Constitutionality Arguments

On August 19, 2025, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed preliminary injunctions halting National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB” or the “NLRB”) proceedings against SpaceX and two other companies while they...more

Holland & Knight LLP

Fifth Circuit: Dual Removal Protections for NLRB ALJs, Board Members Likely Unconstitutional

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In issuing a preliminary injunction in Space Exploration Technologies Corp. v. National Labor Relations Board, No. 24-50627 (5th Cir. 2025), the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit held that the structure of the...more

Ward and Smith, P.A.

Federal Appellate Court Enjoins NLRB Proceedings, Concluding the NLRB’s Structure Is Likely Unconstitutional

Ward and Smith, P.A. on

The NLRB’s Board Members and administrative law judges (“ALJs”) enjoy “for cause” removal protections, which generally means that they can be removed only for malfeasance or disregard of duty....more

Eversheds Sutherland (US) LLP

Not So Fast – NLRB Structure Unconstitutional According to the Fifth Circuit

In November 2022, a La Grange employee filed an unfair labor practice charge with the NLRB, which resulted in the regional office issuing a complaint in March 2024. La Grange sought injunctive relief with the US District...more

Verrill

When ‘Independent Judgment’ Meets Presidential Fiat: The ALJ Dilemma

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On February 18, 2025, President Trump issued Executive Order 14215 “Ensuring Accountability for All Agencies,” Section 7 of which provides that: “[t]he President and the Attorney General’s opinions on questions of law are...more

Constangy, Brooks, Smith & Prophete, LLP

Out again: Supreme Court pauses reinstatement of ex-NLRB Member Wilcox, one other former official

The U.S. Supreme Court on May 22 stayed the reinstatement of Gwynne Wilcox, a former member of the National Labor Relations Board, and Cathy Harris, a former member of the Merit Systems Protection Board. Both women were...more

Snell & Wilmer

FDIC Reverses Position on the Constitutionality of In-House Administrative Law Judges

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After several Supreme Court decisions and Executive Orders upended many of the norms governing the relationship between governmental agencies and the constitutional branches, a recent decision by the Federal Deposit Insurance...more

Holland & Knight LLP

DOJ Forsakes Defending the ALJ Process Against Article II Challenges

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On Feb. 18, 2025, in a case seeking declaratory and injunctive relief against the SEC, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) filed a Notice of Change in Position indicating that the DOJ will no longer defend in litigation "the...more

Hogan Lovells

Constitutional challenges facing FTC may find receptive audience in nominee to lead the Commission

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The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is currently facing a growing number of challenges related to the constitutionality of the agency’s structure and operation. One of these challenges was raised by current FTC...more

Genova Burns LLC

NLRB ALJs’ Job Protections in Jeopardy After District Court Ruling

Genova Burns LLC on

On December 10, 2024, U.S. District Court Judge Trevor McFadden, sitting in the District of Columbia, ruled that the job protections afforded NLRB Administrative Law Judges (ALJs) are unconstitutional because they impede the...more

Jones Day

Court Rules DOL's ALJ Enforcement Scheme Likely Unconstitutional

Jones Day on

A government contractor challenged a U.S. Department of Labor ("DOL") Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs ("OFCCP") enforcement scheme in federal court as violating the United States Constitution. The contractor...more

Proskauer - Government Contractor Compliance...

Texas District Court Issues Preliminary Injunction Halting OFCCP Administrative Proceeding

On October 30, 2024, the District Court for the Southern District of Texas preliminarily enjoined the Department of Labor (“DOL”), the Secretary of Labor, the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (“OFCCP”), and the...more

Bradley Arant Boult Cummings LLP

Turning the Tables: Kroger Sues the FTC

In February of this year, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) brought an administrative complaint to block Kroger Company’s $24.6 billion merger with Albertsons Companies, Inc., citing antitrust concerns. On August 19, 2024,...more

Perkins Coie

District Court Rules SpaceX Likely To Succeed in Challenging NLRB Constitutionality

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Judge Alan Albright of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas issued an order on July 23, 2024, granting Space Exploration Technologies Corporation’s (SpaceX) motion for a preliminary injunction after...more

Fisher Phillips

Could SpaceX Change the Labor Board’s Future? Here’s What Employers Need to Know

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SpaceX is challenging whether the National Labor Relations Board should continue to exist as we know it. In two separate lawsuits, the aerospace company has asked a federal court to strike down the agency’s structure as...more

Venable LLP

Jarkesy: SEC Change-Up - The Supreme Court Curbs the Use of Administrative Courts for Litigated Fraud Claims and Civil Penalties

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In a landmark decision issued last week, SEC v. Jarkesy, the Supreme Court held that the Seventh Amendment guarantees a defendant a jury trial when the SEC seeks civil penalties against the defendant for committing securities...more

Littler

Supreme Court’s 2024 Term Could Transform Labor and Employment Law

Littler on

At the end of its 2024 term, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down four decisions limiting the power of federal agencies. While none of those decisions involved a labor and employment agency, all of them could transform labor...more

Axinn, Veltrop & Harkrider LLP

In SEC v. Jarkesy, Supreme Court Leaves Open Constitutional Challenges Related to FTC Structure and Process

In a much-watched case concerning the administrative state, on June 27, the Supreme Court decided in SEC v. Jarkesy that defendants facing a fraud suit by the SEC have a Seventh Amendment right to a jury trial in an Article...more

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