As we pass the mid-point of 2025, it’s a good time to review the important developments we have seen in the first 6 months of this year, particularly reforms to the UK’s data protection laws, the EU’s pathway to...more
France's Data Protection Authority (the “Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés” or “CNIL”) has issued comprehensive recommendations intended to assist businesses that are develop artificial intelligence...more
Online political advertising has become central to modern electoral campaigns. However, the growing lack of transparency, particularly regarding funding, targeting, and data processing practices, raises serious concerns about...more
On June 12 2025, the French supervisory authority (CNIL) requested public comments on the draft recommendations on the use of tracking pixels in emails (Draft Recommendations)....more
On 19 June 2025, CNIL published two additional “how-to-sheets” on artificial intelligence, one on the legitimate interest and the other on the collection of data via web scraping. These documents aim to clarify the rules...more
Key Points - - The French CNIL’s recent guidance regarding the application of legitimate interest as a legal basis in AI training is welcome, but several other AI regulatory issues remain unresolved. - Issues such as...more
On 12 June 2025, the French data protection authority (CNIL) launched a public consultation on a draft recommendation regarding the use of tracking pixels in emails. This recommendation roughly assimilates pixels and any...more
In response to a record year of personal data breaches in 2024, affecting millions of individuals, the French data protection authority (CNIL) has published a set of security directives for operators of large databases. While...more
On April 24 2025, the French supervisory authority (CNIL) issued a draft recommendation to address challenges in collecting user consent for cookies and trackers across multiple devices (the Draft Recommendation). The new...more
Following a wave of “session replay” wiretapping lawsuits in the United States, France’s Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) has launched a consultation on tools for recording and replaying browsing...more
The French Data Protection Authority launches a public consultation on location data of connected vehicles, until May 20, 2025. This work will shape future regulations regarding the use of location data and its impact on...more
In 2024, the CNIL stepped up its enforcement action, issuing 87 sanctions, 180 compliance orders and 64 reprimands. However, only 12 decisions were made public, thus complicating the exercise of making the regulator’s...more
While mobile apps have become one of the major means of access to digital services, their ubiquity is accompanied by significant risks to users' privacy, due to the massive amount of personal data they collect and process....more
On January 31, 2025, the French supervisory authority (CNIL) published the final version of its guide on transfer impact assessments (TIA). A TIA must be undertaken by organisations relying on one of the ‘appropriate...more
The CNIL has published its strategic plan for the period of 2025-2028. This is typical of the CNIL, who regularly inform its stakeholders of its priorities....more
The Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés in France recently took action against misleading cookie banners as subverting true consent. This is not a new issue, though, with the Federal Trade Commission, the...more
Recent decisions by the French data protection authority (CNIL) have highlighted the importance of GDPR compliance, particularly in the areas of data retention, consent for processing sensitive personal data, and marketing...more
The Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) is an independent French administrative regulatory body whose mission is to ensure that the collection, storage, and use of personal data comply with data...more
As the Paris 2024 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games (the “Games”) turn onto the final straight, the Games have yet again captured widespread global attention, on and off the track. With over 15.3 million visitors in Paris...more
Two updates to the French national clinical trial template agreements (Convention Unique) were published on August 5, 2024. They update the previous templates to take into account evolving practices in clinical trials. In...more
On July 9, 2024, the CNIL launched a public consultation on a draft recommendation (“Draft Recommendation”) on measuring diversity in the workplace. While measuring diversity is an important indicator in the fight against...more
Following the very recent adoption of the EU Regulation on AI (the AI Regulation) the CNIL (the French data regulator) has issued the second in its series of recommendations for the development of privacy-friendly AI models....more
Is California going to start policing CCPA violations like the French police GDPR violations? The California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) and France’s Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL)...more
France actively participates in international efforts and the EU AI Act negotiations, and proposes sector-specific laws. Laws/Regulations directly regulating AI (the “AI Regulations”) Currently, there are no specific...more