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The Nevada District Court recently clarified that the business judgment rule — a fundamental corporate law protection — applies to limited liability companies when their operating agreements specify fiduciary duties. The...more
PJT Holdings, LLC v. Costanzo, C.A. No. 2023-0665-JTL (Del. Ch. May 15, 2025) - In anticipation of launching a chain of restaurants, three restaurant operators joined an outside investor to form a four-member,...more
In Behler v. Kai-Shing Tao, the New York Court of Appeals found that the merger clause contained in a limited liability company agreement governed by Delaware law superseded an alleged prior oral agreement between the...more
In Faiz Khan and Ralph Finger v. Warburg Pincus, LLC et al., the Delaware Court of Chancery held that the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing was not applicable to a private equity sponsor’s amendment of a limited...more
A recent opinion from the Business Court of Texas, Eighth Division (Fort Worth), provides a crisp reminder that an LLC’s company agreement can all but eliminate fiduciary duties among its members and managers. In Tall v....more
In a popular TV series (The Wire), a well-known quote is: “You come at the king, you best not miss.” The idea is that if you’re taking the risk of attacking someone at the top, you better not miss your shot....more
Campus Eye Management Holdings LLC v. DiDonato, C.A. No. 2024-0121-LWW (Del. Ch. Aug. 30, 2024) - This case arose out of a dispute between an optometrist who sold a majority stake in his company to a private equity buyer,...more
Opinions by the Court of Appeals, New York’s highest court, construing the state’s LLC Law enacted 30 years ago are almost but not quite as rare as hen’s teeth. The great majority of important rulings under the statute...more
Seva Holdings Inc. v. Octo Platform Equity Holdings, LLC, C.A. No. 2022-0437-PWR (Del. Ch. Aug. 29, 2024) - In deciding limited cross motions for summary judgment, the Court of Chancery held that the absolute litigation...more
Despite recent decisions by the Delaware Court of Chancery, many key corporate documents continue to include restrictions on indirect transfers of equity that may not be enforced if challenged in court....more
Partners Vincent Cannizzaro and Barnaby Grzaslewicz recently presented Recent Developments in Delaware Restrictive Covenant Case Law: The Alternative Entity Creep, providing key insights into how Delaware’s courts are...more
While entity distinctness is a bedrock principle of corporate law, it may often appear redundant and unnecessary for a limited liability company (“LLC”) to sign its own operating agreement. That was likely the thinking of the...more
Delaware Chancery Court’s contractarian approach to all things LLC, embedded statutorily in Section 18-1101(b) of the Delaware LLC Act (“It is the policy of this chapter to give the maximum effect to the principle of freedom...more
Folks who’ve been following this blog for years know that periodically I like to venture beyond New York’s borders to find and report on interesting decisions from other states in business divorce cases....more
In Holifield v. XRI Investment Holdings LLC, No. 407, 2022 (Del. Sept. 7, 2023), the Delaware Supreme Court affirmed the lower court’s determination that the defendant violated XRI Investment Holdings’ LLC agreement when he...more
The owners’ agreement is the backbone of the closely-held business. In intracompany LLC disputes, few things are more important than what the operating agreement has to say on the subject. As a consequence, the pages of...more
In 1941, two of the three shareholders of Ringling Bros.-Barnum & Bailey Combined Shows, Inc. entered into an agreement stating that they would vote their combined 630 of the outstanding 1000 shares of Ringling Bros. stock...more
The members of Nite Cap’s owner, Bull-Poet, LLC, recently traded the full sheets and gentle seas of the Hudson for the strum and drang of litigation in New York’s Supreme Court. But the squall has passed; thanks to New York...more
It’s a bit of a stretch to suggest that King Solomon prophesied the standard for judicial dissolution of LLCs, but there it is: under New York’s judicially construed standard for involuntary dissolution under Section 702 of...more
In last week’s New York Business Divorce, we wrote about an important decision from New York’s highest court, Sage Sys., Inc. v Liss (___ NY3d ___, 2022 NY Slip Op 05918 [Ct App Oct. 20, 2022]). In Sage, the Court of Appeals...more
The universe works in mysterious ways. Four days ago, when I sat down to write this article, my plan was to feature a decision from Manhattan Commercial Division Justice Andrea J. Masley denying dismissal of a closely-held...more
New York’s default rules regarding LLC members’ rights to transfer their interests appear in sections 603 and 604 of the LLC Law. Section 603 provides that a membership interest is fully assignable, but the assignee does not...more
The Delaware Limited Liability Company Act allows for the fiduciary duties of a member to be expanded, restricted, or eliminated by provisions in the operating agreement of a limited liability company (“LLC”). If drafters...more
If an LLC’s Operating Agreement contains a sufficiently broad arbitration clause, most disputes raised by the LLC’s members relating to the LLC will be sent to arbitration (instead of the court system) for resolution. But...more
One of the goals in a business divorce is finality – ending a business relationship once and for all. But what if the end isn’t really the end?...more