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As Hong Kong listed Bermuda and Cayman Islands exempted companies approach their annual results season, many may be considering paying their shareholders a dividend, whether due to a profitable financial year or as a gesture...more
1. Types of Business Entities - • Description of the types of entities available in each jurisdiction through which to conduct business - Business may be conducted in France either through a French branch of a...more
The two most common forms of legal entities incorporated in Brazil are the limited liability company (“Limitada”) and the corporation (“S.A.”). These are considered the most attractive types of companies given that they are...more
1. Types of Business Entities - • Description of the types of entities available in each jurisdiction through which to conduct business - Business may be conducted in France either through a French branch of a foreign...more
The two most common forms of legal entities incorporated in Brazil are the limited liability company (“Limitada”) and the corporation (“S.A.”). These are considered the most attractive types of companies given that they ...more
The Israeli Companies Law provides for two tests a company’s board of directors must perform to approve a resolution to distribute dividends. The first test is the “profit test” and the second is the “solvency test.”...more
1. Types of Business Entities - Investors may choose from the following types of business entities: • Private limited liability company • Public limited liability company • Individual enterprise • Limited...more
While there are a few different forms of “corporate” entities in Israel, this guide will focus on companies and partnerships as these are the entities that the non-Israeli businessman is most likely to set up or invest in if...more
A. Types of Business Entities - 1. Description of The Types of Entities - Pursuant to Turkish Foreign Direct Investment Law, foreign investors are free to make foreign direct investments in Turkey and shall be subject...more
Chapter 5 of the California General Corporation law prohibits a distribution to shareholders unless certain conditions are met. In order to determine whether these conditions are met it is necessary to know when the...more
The existence of accrued and unpaid dividends can hang like an ominous cloud over a corporation's future financings. Are these accrued but unpaid dividends in the nature of a debt that cannot be erased by an amendment of the...more
Corporations incorporated under California's General Corporation Law are subject to the limitations on distributions set forth in Chapter 5 of that law. A foreign corporation may also be subject to Chapter 5 by virtue of...more
A dividend involves three steps. First, the dividend is declared by the board of directors, second a record date is determined by the board (or by corporate law), and lastly the dividend is paid. Occasionally, the question...more
Pursuant to the Companies Law, in order for a company to be able to distribute a dividend, it must pass two “distribution tests”: the profit test and the solvency test. The profit test is a retroactive technical test that...more
In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, Maryland corporations and their boards of directors are reassessing previously authorized and declared distributions (aka dividends) to stockholders. Here’s what you need to know...more
The new Belgian Code on Companies and Associations enters into force on 1 May 2019. The Belgian Code on Companies and Associations (the "BCCA"), enacted by the Belgian parliament on 28 February 2019, repeals the existing...more