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Equal Protection › Transgender › Sex Discrimination

The Equal Protection Clause is a section of the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution that provides that "no state shall...deny to any citizen within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the... more +
The Equal Protection Clause is a section of the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution that provides that "no state shall...deny to any citizen within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." Essentially, the Equal Protection Clause provides that the government must treat an individual the same way that it treats other individuals in the same circumstances. The 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause applies only to state governments, but the requirements of the clause apply to the federal government through the Due Process Clause of the 5th Amendment. less -
Fisher Phillips

SCOTUS to Determine Whether States Can Ban Transgender Athletes From Women’s Sports – What Your School Needs to Know

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The Supreme Court will soon decide whether states can ban transgender high school and college athletes from participating on female sports teams at their schools. After initially declining to review this issue in 2023 and...more

Montgomery McCracken

Supreme Court to Decide Legality of Trans-Athlete Bans

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As the Supreme Court Prepares to Decide the Legality of Trans-Athlete Bans, Schools Must Ready Themselves for Far-Reaching Precedent Addressing “On the Basis of Sex” On July 3, 2025, the Supreme Court granted certiorari in...more

Seyfarth Shaw LLP

Supreme Court Upholds Tennessee Transgender Care Ban

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In a widely awaited for decision, the Supreme Court in a 6-3 opinion authored by Justice Roberts held that a Tennessee law which prohibits certain medical treatments (puberty blockers and hormones) for transgender minors,...more

Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart,...

Supreme Court Upholds Tennessee Law Prohibiting Gender-Affirming Care for Children

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On June 18, 2025, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that a Tennessee law banning gender-affirming care for minors does not classify on the basis of sex in ways that would require heightened scrutiny under the Equal...more

Epstein Becker & Green

Supreme Court Upholds Tennessee’s Ban on Gender-Affirming Care

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On June 18, 2025, in the case of United States v. Skrmetti, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld Tennessee’s ban on gender-affirming care—concluding that the law does not violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth...more

Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart,...

‘What Is a Woman?’ Alabama Governor Signs Bill Declaring There Are Only Two Sexes

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On February 13, 2025, Alabama Governor Kay Ivey signed into law Senate Bill 79 / Act 2025-3, declaring that there are only two sexes, male and female. Originally introduced on February 4, 2025, the legislation amends Alabama...more

Paul Hastings LLP

The Defending Women Executive Order Presents Potential Clash Between Federal and State Antidiscrimination Law

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On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order titled “Defending Women from Gender Ideology Extremism and Restoring Biological Truth to the Federal Government” (Defending Women EO). The Defending Women...more

Ballard Spahr LLP

Department of Education Confirms Return to Trump Administration’s 2020 Title IX Rule

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On January 31, the U.S. Department of Education (DOE) confirmed that, effective immediately and applicable to all open Title IX investigations, it will enforce the first Trump administration’s 2020 Title IX regulations (the...more

Offit Kurman

The Impact of Transgender Executive Order on New York Residents

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On January 20th, President Trump issued an executive order entitled “Defending Women from Gender Ideology Extremism and Restoring Biological Trust to the Federal Government.” The executive order included provisions for the...more

BCLP

State of Tennessee v. Cardona: Implications of the Vacatur of the 2024 Title IX Regulations

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On April 19, 2024, the Department of Education released its final Title IX regulations regarding sexual discrimination in federally-funded education (the “2024 Title IX Rules”)....more

Benesch

Biden’s 2024 Title IX Regulations Take a Blow - Federal District Court Rejects Re-Definition of “Sex” Under Title IX

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On January 9, 2025, a federal district court in Kentucky issued a decision that blocks the Biden administration’s attempt to change the definition of “sex” in Title IX regulations and enforcement....more

McGuireWoods LLP

Department of Education Withdraws Proposed Rule Governing Participation on Athletic Teams Based on Gender Identity

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On Dec. 26, 2024, the U.S. Department of Education withdrew its proposed rulemaking regarding the application of sex-related criteria to participation on athletic teams under Title IX....more

Dorsey & Whitney LLP

What risks do employers face by excluding coverage for gender affirming care in their health plans?

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In recent years, courts have ruled upon a growing number of cases arising from delivery of and payment for gender affirming care. At the same time, state legislatures have passed a variety of laws aimed at such services. ...more

Fisher Phillips

Recent Ruling on School’s Transgender Bathroom Policy Leads to Divide Among Federal Appeals Courts: Will SCOTUS Weigh In?

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A Florida public school’s transgender bathroom ban was recently upheld by a federal appeals court, leading to a circuit split that may need to be resolved by the U.S. Supreme Court. Specifically, in a 7-4 ruling, the 11th...more

Bowditch & Dewey

The 11th Circuit Flushes Away Rights to Bathroom Access in Schools

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A federal appeals court in Florida recently weighed in on the national debate about bathrooms and gender identity, teeing up the issue for review by the U.S. Supreme Court. In a decision issued in December 2022, the 11th...more

Tucker Arensberg, P.C.

Legal Issues Involving Transgender Students

Tucker Arensberg, P.C. on

In recent years, the legal rights of transgender students have been litigated in courts around the country. While court decisions have provided some guidance for school districts, many questions remain. This article addresses...more

Holland & Knight LLP

Religious Institutions Update: October 2021

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Morals Clause Ruled Not Within Title VII Religious Exemptions Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 makes it unlawful "to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any...more

TNG Consulting

Eleventh Circuit Extends Bostock to Protect Transgender Students under Title IX

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Adams v. Sch. Bd. of St. Johns Cty., 968 F.3d 1286 (11th Cir. 2020). Factual Summary: Drew Adams is a transgender male who was prohibited from using the boys’ restroom at his public high school. In the eighth grade,...more

McAfee & Taft

Court applies Bostock’s “because of… sex” ruling to Title IX case

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This past June, the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Bostock v. Clayton County expanded the protections of Title VII, which prohibits an employer from discriminating against an employee or applicant “because of … sex,” to...more

Fisher Phillips

Federal Appeals Court Rules In Favor Of Transgender Teen In Landmark Bathroom Case

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In a major win for transgender rights, the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals recently ruled in favor a transgender teenager who wanted to use the boys’ bathroom at his former school, finding that the school district violated his...more

Seyfarth Shaw LLP

Arizona Federal Court Recommends Class Certification On The Basis Of Demographic Studies

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Seyfarth Synopsis: In Toomey v. Arizona, No. 19-CV-0035, 2020 WL 2465707 (D. Ariz. May 12, 2020), a Magistrate Judge for the U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona recommended the certification of class claims...more

Seyfarth Shaw LLP

Exclusion for Gender Reassignment Surgery May Violate Title VII and the Equal Protection Clause

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Seyfarth Synopsis: On December 23, 2019, District Judge Rosemary Marquez ruled, in connection with a motion to dismiss, that Title VII does protect discrimination based on a person’s transgender status, and that a health...more

Stoel Rives - World of Employment

U.S. Supreme Court Hears Argument on LGBTQ Rights

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This week the United States Supreme Court commenced its 2019-2020 term, during which it will examine significant questions related to the scope of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Yesterday, on October 8th, the...more

Seyfarth Shaw LLP

Exclusion for Gender Reassignment Surgery May Disadvantage a “Suspect Class”

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Seyfarth Synopsis: In Toomey v. U of Arizona, No. 19-35 (D. Ar. June 24, 2019), the Magistrate Judge determined on a motion to dismiss that Title VII does not prohibit discrimination based on a person’s transgender status. ...more

Constangy, Brooks, Smith & Prophete, LLP

Happy 45th Birthday, Title IX: You’ve Changed A Bit Over The Years

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A law was born. On June 23, 1972, President Richard Nixon signed into law Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972: “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be...more

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