On 18 July 2025, the European Union adopted its 18th package of economic and financial sanctions targeting Russia’s energy, banking and military sectors, as well as its trade with the EU. This package includes Council...more
In a judgment handed down on 2 September 2021,1 the European Court of Justice (“ECJ”) finally ruled that the investor-state arbitration clause, at Article 26 of the Energy Charter Treaty (“ECT”), does not apply to intra-EU...more
The last few weeks have seen a raft of new investor-state arbitrations under the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT), including the first known investor-state claim against the European Union (EU) itself. These claims largely arise...more
The European Court of Justice's decision: On 30 April 2019, the European Court of Justice (CJEU) issued its much-anticipated Opinion 1/17 finding that the investor-state dispute settlement mechanism provided in the Canada-EU...more
On 6 March 2018 the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) issued its judgment in Case C-284/16 Slovak Republic v Achmea BV. The CJEU ruled that investor-State arbitration clauses in investment treaties concluded...more
International investment arbitration – also known as investment treaty arbitration or investor-State arbitration – is a procedure whereby foreign investors may seek a binding adjudication of claims against host States that...more