Both President Trump’s and President Biden’s administrations have emphasized in executive orders and presidential memoranda the need for objective, science-based decision-making. However, Trump’s May 23, 2025, Executive Order...more
The National Security Presidential Memorandum-33 (NSPM-33), issued in January 2021, directed federal agencies that fund research and development (R&D) projects to require certain "Covered Institutions" to certify that the...more